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CONVOY HX 251
Departed New York on Aug. 7-1943 and arrived Liverpool on the 23rd.
Arnold Hague's "The Allied Convoy System" gives 87 ships in this convoy.

Transcribed from several documents received from Roger Griffiths - His source: Public Records Office, Kew.

The ships are listed in the order in which they appear on the various documents.
Crossed out ships did not sail, underlined ships returned to port.

For info, a number of the ships in this convoy later returned to the U.S. with Convoy ON 202 (ONS 18).

Ship
Nationality
Cargo
Station
Destination
Remarks
Belgian Crew
Belgian
steel - lumber
145
Immingham
From HX 250
Nicholas Biddle
American
general - explosives
44
Glasgow
From HX 250
(see Notes)
Empire Mist
British
general
131
Avonmouth
Argos Hill
"
general
111
Liverpool
Glenbeg
"
general
Liverpool
Sailed in HX 252
Empire Pibroch
"
general - refrig.
91
Mersey f. o.
Returned to New York
(see Notes)
Listed in slow Convoy SC 140
Aug. 21-1943
Empire Lancer
"
refrig. (frozen meat)
42
Liverpool
British Merit
"
Tanker W - gas
133
Avonmouth
From HX 250
Empire Faith
"
general - explosives
84
Liverpool
Fordsdale
"
refrig. - general
122
Liverpool
Fort Brandon
"
lumber - metal - wheat
12
Mersey
Fort Carlton
"
lumber - metal - wheat
11
London
Elona
"
alcohol - acetone - Tanker W
93
Dingle
Athelregent
"
Tanker B - fuel oil
71
Swansea
British Valour
"
Admiralty tanker B
Admiralty fuel
82
Belfast / Scapa
Geo. W. McKnight
Panamanian
Tanker W - aviation gas
123
Swansea
British Respect
British
Tanker W - gas
45
Bowling / Ardrossan
Luminetta
"
Tanker B
Admiralty fuel
112
Swansea
San Vulfrano
"
Tanker W - aviation gas
115
Bromborough
Lucerna
"
Tanker W
high o. gas
103
Belfast / Milford Haven / Plymouth
British Statesman
"
Tanker W - aviation gas
94
Bowling
British Fortitude
"
Tanker W
gas oil - kerosene
121
Belfast / Dublin
British Restraint
"
Tanker W - aviation gas
105
Avonmouth
Schuylkill
"
Tanker W - gas oil
125
Heysham
Empire Alliance
"
Tanker W - gas
113
Avonmouth
Empire Cavalier
"
Tanker W - gas
65
Stanlow
Returned to port (Halifax - see Notes))
Sailed in HX 252
Cymbula
"
Tanker W - gas
64
Avonmouth
Empire Chief
"
Tanker B - fuel oil
66
Swansea
Westland
Dutch
general - 2 passengers
31
Liverpool
Ivaran
Norwegian
general - 700 tons expl.
101
Liverpool
From HX 250
Haakon Hauan
"
Tanker W - gas
35
Bowling
Bralanta
"
Tanker B
Mersey
Sailed in HX 252
Stiklestad
"
Tanker W - gas
55
Stanlow
O. B. Sørensen
"
Tanker B - gas oil
135
Avonmouth
Thorhild
"
Tanker B - gas oil
53
Swansea
Laurent Meeus
Belgian
Tanker B
gas
33
Grangemouth
Fagerfjell
Norwegian
Admiralty tanker B
Admiralty fuel
52
Milford Haven / Devonport
Ville d'Anvers
Belgian
general - 500 tons expl. - 133 passengers
104
Barry Dock
Heranger
Norwegian
general
Liverpool
Sailed in HX 252
Delftdijk
Dutch
general - 27 passengers
56
Glasgow
Reinholt
Norwegian
general - explosives
106
Liverpool
Buenos Aires
"
general
142
Liverpool
Emma Bakke
"
general
143
Liverpool
Laurits Swenson
"
general - explosives
81
Liverpool
Commodore Vessel
Eemland
Dutch
general
Hull
Listed in Convoy SC 140
Leerdam
"
general - explosives
63
Hull
Tai Shan
Norwegian
general - 10 passengers
141
Liverpool
Kaldfonn
"
Admiralty tanker B
oil - gliders
62
Belfast / Londonderry
Meline
"
Tanker W
London
Murena
Dutch
Tanker W
gas oil - aircraft
102
Clyde
Hawaiian
American
general - explosives
24
London
From HX 249
Daniel Drake
"
general
22
London
George H. Pendleton
"
general
36
London
John Wanamaker
"
general - explosives
26
London
Grace Abbott
"
general
Belfast f. o.
Sailed in HX 252
Jacques Laramie
"
general
144
Cardiff
Casimir Pulaski
"
general
14
Hull
See Notes
Robert Y. Hayne
"
general
15
Liverpool
Sam Houston II
"
general
51
Liverpool
Peter V. Daniel
"
sulphur - cotton - gliders
46
Manchester
See Notes
George A. Custer
"
sulphur - cotton - barges
61
Glasgow
George E. Hale
"
general
21
Manchester
Robert Trimble
"
cotton - phosphates
13
Liverpool / Garston
See Notes
Robert Fulton
"
general
Belfast f. o.
Joined HX 252 - returned to port
Norlys
Panamanian
Admiralty tanker B
25
Glasgow / Invergordon
Norwegian managers - listed on N-page
Tide Water
American
Admiralty tanker B
Navy spec.
41
Clyde
Southern Sun
"
Tanker W - gas
83
Avonmouth
Belgian Gulf
Panamanian
Tanker B - lub. oil
96
Stanlow / Barton
From HX 250
George B. Selden
American
general - 2500 tons amm.
116
Newport
El Mundo
Panamanian
general - 2500 tons expl.
114
Belfast f. o.
Returned to port (St. John's - see Notes)
Sailed in HX 252
Edmund Fanning
American
general - explosives
32
London
Amelia Earhart
"
general - ammunition
126
Avonmouth
Aldebaran
Panamanian
general - 2000 tons bombs
124
Cardiff
Peter Cartwright
American
general - explosives - mail
85
Barry Dock
John P. Holland
"
general - explosives
34
Newport
El Oriente
Panamanian
general - explosives
136
Liverpool
Champ Clark
American
general - explosives
43
Avonmouth
From HX 250
Schoharie
"
general - 1500 tons expl.
132
Hull
W. R. Keever
"
general - explosives
23
Cardiff
Chester Valley
"
general - 2100 tons expl.
134
Milford Haven / Plymouth
Atenas
"
general (stores - explosives)
54
Avonmouth
Dolabella
British
Tanker B
gas oil - aircraft
86
Stanlow
El Aleto
"
Tanker B
Navy spec.
92
Mersey / Stanlow
Empire Chapman
"
Tanker W - gas
95
Stanlow
Fjallfoss
Icelandic
general
Loch Ewe / Iceland
Joining from Halifax
Sailed Aug. 9
Tilapa
British
general
Tyne
Moveria
"
meats - general
Manchester
Tetela
"
meats - metals - mail
Cardiff
Salacia
"
meats - general
Liverpool
High Park
"
general
151
Newcastle
From HX 250
Toledo
Norwegian
general
Liverpool
Listed in slow Convoy SC 139
Aug. 9-1943
Cyrus H. McCormick
American
general
Mersey f. o.
Also listed in SC 139
Simon Willard
"
general
Glasgow
Listed in SC 139
Sylvester Gardiner
"
Army stores - general
152
Swansea
Alcoa Cutter
"
general
Loch Ewe for Iceland
Sailed in HX 252
Samuel Moody
"
general
Hull
Listed in SC 139
Edward Sparrow
"
sugar
153
Clyde
From HX 250
Asbjørn
British
general
Liverpool
Sailed in HX 252
Beaverhill
"
general
Liverpool
Empire Bittern
"
general
London
Emily Dickinson
American
general
155
Swansea
Fort St. Regis
British
general
Liverpool
Sailed in HX 252
Fort Norfolk
"
grain - aluminium
154
Manchester
James M. Wayne
American
general
Mersey f. o.
Listed in SC 139
Manchester Division
British
general
Manchester
Listed in SC 139
Norwegian
"
general
Glasgow
Listed in SC 139
Dorelian
"
general
Avonmouth
Listed in SC 139
Empire Yukon
"
general
Liverpool
Listed in SC 139
Copeland
"
Rescue Vessel
Clyde
See Notes
Joining from New Foundland
Sailed Aug. 11
Kelmscott
British?
newsprint
16
London

Notes:
Commodore, Admiral Sir R. P. Drax K.C.B. was in Norwegian Laurits Swenson, Vice Commodore was Captain H. Jolivet of Empire Lancer. Commodore's vessel considered by the Commodore to be "Admirable. Clean, efficient, most comfortable. Captain Rød is a fine seaman and a good navigator".

72 ships sailed from New York, 12 from Halifax.

Average speed: 8.13 knots.

Daily positions of convoy at 08:00 DST, as well as distances sailed from noon to noon, w/average speed each day are available on request via contact address provided at the bottom of this page.

The Rescue Vessel Copeland was on her 24th voyage as such, having started this voyage from Clyde on July 9-1943 with the westbound Convoy ON 192, to Halifax July 20, then returned with HX 251 from Halifax on Aug. 9, to Clyde Aug. 23-1943. ("Convoy Rescue Ships 1940-1945", Arnold Hague).

Empire Pibroch (91) returned to New York on Aug. 8.
Empire Cavalier (65) 'reported needing 50 tons fresh water and is unable to reach U.K." Sent to Halifax at 16:00 Aug. 10, with HMS Chelsea(?).
El Mundo (114) reported tube trouble in 2 boilers, sent to St. John's at 06:00 Aug. 12 (air cover ordered for her).
Nicholas Biddle (44) stopped for slight defects. Proved a constant straggler, ordered to stragglers' route Aug. 16.
Robert Trimble (13), Peter V. Daniel (46), and Casimir Pulaski (14) dropped astern due to wind and sea "which were not heavy" and failed to rejoin.
Other stragglers: Kelmscott, British Respect, Moveria, British Valour, Empire Chapman, Lucerna, Chester Valley.

The Commodore says:
"S.S.Copeland and her signal staff have been most useful in helping Commodore with news of stragglers, passing signals etc.". He is, however, very unhappy with a few other ships, saying "Judging by results, the Masters of No.'s 91, 114, 44, 13, 14, 46 (and pershaps 65) had no justification for representing that their ships were fit to cross the Atlantic with a 10 knot convoy. 83 other ships were delayed by having them in the company. It is disappointing to all concerned to go to sea with a 10 knot convoy and then to find that several ships can barely do 9.5 in smooth water, dropping rapidly to 8 or 7 knots when the sea gets up. The slow ships, in self-defence, are apt to blame the Commodore for going too fast (e.g. shortly after leaving New York I received a signal 'do you intend to continue your present speed of 10.25 kn?'. On enquiry, my Captain and 2 other ships said that we were going 9.3). It is suggested that any ships known to have delayed a 'fast' convoy should usually in future revert to slow convoys."

The convoy was almost 2 days behind time, partly due to holding back for stragglers, partly due to swell and strong headwinds between Aug. 13 and 18.

"Meeting other ships at an R/V in thick fog is always difficult, especially if they are on converging courses. For example, on 2nd July, some 50 ships from the South, steering N.N.W., had to meet 8 ships from Aultbea steering S.W. at an R/V 12 South of Barra Head. Visibility was half a cable. Possibility of collision was avoided by turning the main body to 300° some 10 miles South of the R/V. Suggest that orders be given before sailing that, in thick fog, each party will, so far as navigational dangers permit, turn to a prearranged course when within 5 or 10 miles of the R/V. This order is, I believe, usually given by that able officer who holds the appointment of N.C.S.O., Halifax (Captain Banyard).

Many ships fitted with nets have only 10 knot speed, and cannot maintain convoy speed with both nets streamed. It is slow and clumsy to signal 'Ships on Starboard side of Commodore, get out stbd. nets, ships on port side of Commodore, get out port nets'. A new signal is needed in the book, say - 'Get out nets on one side, whichever is the more exposed. Optional, get out nets on both sides if you can maintain convoy speed'."

Escorts:
5 with C.O. HMS Chelsea, relieved by B 6 escort group (Ocean Escort) at noon Aug. 13, Senior Officer in HMS Fame (10 escorts all total) - left when reaching longitude 7°W.

Related external links:
Liberty Ships - Most of the ships listed as American in the table above were Liberty Ships. This website lists them alphabetically. As will be seen, quite a few of the Liberty Ships in this convoy had just recently been delivered, which is probably why the Commodore says, "some American ships lack experience and are bad at signalling".
This site has more on the the "Fort" and "Park" ships.
Empire Ships listed in alphabetical order. The site also has a section listing the Liberty ships.

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To the next HX convoy in my list HX 252


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